First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
The figures quoted for fuel consumption and emissions do not refer to an individual vehicle. Their purpose is to enable comparisons to be made between various vehicle types. Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions not only depend on the efficiency of the vehicle, but also on the way it is driven and other non-technical factors.
Measuring fuel consumption
The vehicle consumption and emissions values were determined according to directive EG 715/2007 or EEC 80/1268 in the currently valid version and apply for the given vehicle kerb weight. The figures do not refer to an individual vehicle. Two measuring cycles are carried out on a rolling road test bed. The test criteria are as follows:
Urban cycle | The urban cycle starts with an engine cold start. Town driving at speeds between 0 and 50 km/h is then simulated. |
Extra-urban cycle | In the extra-urban cycle the car undergoes frequent acceleration and braking in all gears, as in normal everyday driving. The road speed ranges from 0 to 120 km/h. |
Combined cycle | The combined consumption is calculated with a weighting of around 37 % for the urban cycle and 63 % for the extra-urban cycle. |
CO2 emissions combined | The exhaust gases are collected during both driving cycles (urban and extra-urban) to calculate the combined carbon dioxide emissions. The gas composition is then analysed to evaluate the CO2 content and other emissions. |
The kerb weight depends on the equipment fitted. This could slightly raise fuel consumption and the CO2 emissions.
In practice, fuel consumption may vary from the figures determined according to European Commission Directive 715/2007 or EEC 80/1268.
Volkswagen Touran Owners Manual. Frontal collisions and the laws of physics
Fig. 52 Passengers of a vehicle
heading for a brick wall. They are not wearing seat belts
Fig. 53 A vehicle with unbelted
occupants strikes the wall
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings The physical principles involved
in a frontal collision are r ...
Volkswagen Touran Service Manual. Infrared Dryer -VAS6879
Definition:
Infrared Dryer -VAS6879-
Product Description:
The infrared dryer is used to dry paste, filler, base paint,
top coats and clear coats on vertical and horizontal surfaces.
...